PEM water electrolysis for hydrogen production: fundamentals, advances, and prospects

PEM water electrolysis for hydrogen production: fundamentals, advances, and prospects Abstract Hydrogen, as a clean energy carrier, is of great potential to be an alternative fuel in the future. Proton exchange membrane (PEM) water electrolysis is hailed as the most desired technology for high purity hydrogen production and self-consistent with volatility of renewable energies, has ignited much attention in the past decades based on the high current density, greater energy efficiency, small mas...