Lead-chelating hole-transport layers for efficient and stable perovskite minimodules

Lead-chelating hole-transport layers for efficient and stable perovskite minimodules The defective bottom interfaces of perovskites and hole-transport layers (HTLs) limit the performance of p-i-n structure perovskite solar cells. We report that the addition of lead chelation molecules into HTLs can strongly interact with lead(II) ion (Pb 2+ ), resulting in a reduced amorphous region in perovskites near HTLs and a passivated perovskite bottom surface. The minimodule with an aperture area of 26.9...